منابع مشابه
The Economic Incentive to Innovate in Plants: Patents and Plant Breeders’ Rights
The exclusivity conferred to inventors by intellectual property rights (IPRs) provide an ex ante incentive for innovation, but the resulting market power yields an ex post inefficiency (because it limits use of the innovation). Strong IPRs may also affect innovation by limiting access of proprietary knowledge in research aimed at new inventions and discoveries, which raises the question of whet...
متن کاملSelection effects in auctions for monopoly rights
We demonstrate that auctioning market licenses may result in higher market prices than assigning them via more random allocation mechanisms. When future market pro t is uncertain, winning an auction is like winning a lottery ticket. If rms di¤er in risk attitudes, auctions select the least risk averse rm, which, in turn, set a higher price (or a higher quantity, in case quantity is the decisi...
متن کاملAdvantages and Disadvantages of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) in Iran: A Study Based on Breeders' Perceptions
The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). Seventy-six breeders were randomly selected from among 95 breeders who were working at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was appr...
متن کاملMonopoly and Product Selection
It is well known that if a monopolist serving a market of substitute products can perfectly price discriminate, the socially optimal set of products (or ‘characteristics’) will be supplied. This follows since the profits of the perfectly discriminating monopolist are equal to the consumers’ surplus. Thus the monopolist will provide the product selection that maximizes consumers’ surplus [see Wh...
متن کاملProperty Rights Issues Involving Plant Genetic Resources:
The economic theory of property rights is applied to the issue of the conservation of plant genetic diversity, an issue often discussed in terms of benefit sharing, in order to demonstrate that the assignment of property rights is important for reasons of efficiency as well as for equity. Given the existence of transactions costs within an industry, the location of a property rights assignment ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1987
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/330215a0